Layout - Trình tự load layout trong Magento

Đọc cái này:
http://magebase.com/magento-tutorials/digging-deeper-into-magentos-layout-xml-part-2/

Layout - Các page layout handle thường dùng trong file layout.xml

Tất cả các trang
<default>

</default>

Tất cả các trang là CMS-Page
<cms_page>
</cms_page>

Trang chủ là CMS-page
<cms_index_index>
</cms_index_index>

Các trang có 3 cột left - content - right<page_three_columns>
</page_three_columns>

Trang duyệt qua một category

<catalog_category_default>

</catalog_category_default>

Trang User login:
<customer_logged_in>
</customer_logged_in>

Layout - Default handle của tất cả các module trong Magento

Thư mục: /app/design/frontend/base/default/layout/
page.xml
    <default translate="label" module="page">
        <label>All Pages</label>
        <block type="page/html" name="root" output="toHtml" template="page/3columns.phtml">

            <block type="page/html_head" name="head" as="head">
                <action method="addJs"><script>prototype/prototype.js</script></action>
                <action method="addJs"><script>lib/ccard.js</script></action>
                <action method="addJs"><script>prototype/validation.js</script></action>
                <action method="addJs"><script>scriptaculous/builder.js</script></action>
                <action method="addJs"><script>scriptaculous/effects.js</script></action>
                <action method="addJs"><script>scriptaculous/dragdrop.js</script></action>
                <action method="addJs"><script>scriptaculous/controls.js</script></action>
                <action method="addJs"><script>scriptaculous/slider.js</script></action>
                <action method="addJs"><script>varien/js.js</script></action>
                <action method="addJs"><script>varien/form.js</script></action>
                <action method="addJs"><script>varien/menu.js</script></action>
                <action method="addJs"><script>mage/translate.js</script></action>
                <action method="addJs"><script>mage/cookies.js</script></action>

                <block type="page/js_cookie" name="js_cookies" template="page/js/cookie.phtml"/>

                <action method="addCss"><stylesheet>css/styles.css</stylesheet></action>
                <action method="addItem"><type>skin_css</type><name>css/styles-ie.css</name><params/><if>lt IE 8</if></action>
                <action method="addCss"><stylesheet>css/widgets.css</stylesheet></action>
                <action method="addCss"><stylesheet>css/print.css</stylesheet><params>media="print"</params></action>

                <action method="addItem"><type>js</type><name>lib/ds-sleight.js</name><params/><if>lt IE 7</if></action>
                <action method="addItem"><type>skin_js</type><name>js/ie6.js</name><params/><if>lt IE 7</if></action>
            </block>

            <block type="core/text_list" name="after_body_start" as="after_body_start" translate="label">
                <label>Page Top</label>
            </block>

            <block type="page/html_notices" name="global_notices" as="global_notices" template="page/html/notices.phtml" />

            <block type="page/html_header" name="header" as="header">
                <block type="page/template_links" name="top.links" as="topLinks"/>
                <block type="page/switch" name="store_language" as="store_language" template="page/switch/languages.phtml"/>
                <block type="core/text_list" name="top.menu" as="topMenu" translate="label">
                    <label>Navigation Bar</label>
                    <block type="page/html_topmenu" name="catalog.topnav" template="page/html/topmenu.phtml"/>
                </block>
                <block type="page/html_wrapper" name="top.container" as="topContainer" translate="label">
                    <label>Page Header</label>
                    <action method="setElementClass"><value>top-container</value></action>
                </block>
            </block>

            <block type="page/html_breadcrumbs" name="breadcrumbs" as="breadcrumbs"/>

            <block type="core/text_list" name="left" as="left" translate="label">
                <label>Left Column</label>
            </block>

            <block type="core/messages" name="global_messages" as="global_messages"/>
            <block type="core/messages" name="messages" as="messages"/>

            <block type="core/text_list" name="content" as="content" translate="label">
                <label>Main Content Area</label>
            </block>

            <block type="core/text_list" name="right" as="right" translate="label">
                <label>Right Column</label>
            </block>

            <block type="page/html_footer" name="footer" as="footer" template="page/html/footer.phtml">
                <block type="page/html_wrapper" name="bottom.container" as="bottomContainer" translate="label">
                    <label>Page Footer</label>
                    <action method="setElementClass"><value>bottom-container</value></action>
                </block>
                <block type="page/switch" name="store_switcher" as="store_switcher" template="page/switch/stores.phtml"/>
                <block type="page/template_links" name="footer_links" as="footer_links" template="page/template/links.phtml"/>
            </block>

            <block type="core/text_list" name="before_body_end" as="before_body_end" translate="label">
                <label>Page Bottom</label>
            </block>
        </block>

        <block type="core/profiler" output="toHtml" name="core_profiler"/>

    </default>

core.xml
<default>
<block name="formkey" type="core/template" template="core/formkey.phtml" />
</default>

cms.xml
  <default>
        <reference name="footer">
            <block type="cms/block" name="cms_footer_links" before="footer_links">
                <!--
                    The content of this block is taken from the database by its block_id.
                    You can manage it in admin CMS -> Static Blocks
                -->
                <action method="setBlockId"><block_id>footer_links</block_id></action>
            </block>
        </reference>
    </default>

catalog.xml
<default>
        <!-- Mage_Catalog -->
        <reference name="left">
            <block type="core/template" name="left.permanent.callout" template="callouts/left_col.phtml">
                <action method="setImgSrc"><src>images/media/col_left_callout.jpg</src></action>
                <action method="setImgAlt" translate="alt" module="catalog"><alt>Our customer service is available 24/7. Call us at (555) 555-0123.</alt></action>
                <action method="setLinkUrl"><url>checkout/cart</url></action>
            </block>
        </reference>
        <reference name="right">
            <block type="catalog/product_compare_sidebar" before="cart_sidebar" name="catalog.compare.sidebar" template="catalog/product/compare/sidebar.phtml"/>
            <block type="core/template" name="right.permanent.callout" template="callouts/right_col.phtml">
                <action method="setImgSrc"><src>images/media/col_right_callout.jpg</src></action>
                <action method="setImgAlt" translate="alt" module="catalog"><alt>Keep your eyes open for our special Back to School items and save A LOT!</alt></action>
            </block>
        </reference>
        <reference name="footer_links">
            <action method="addLink" translate="label title" module="catalog" ifconfig="catalog/seo/site_map"><label>Site Map</label><url helper="catalog/map/getCategoryUrl" /><title>Site Map</title></action>
        </reference>
        <block type="catalog/product_price_template" name="catalog_product_price_template" />
    </default>

catalogsearch.xml
<default>
        <reference name="header">
            <block type="core/template" name="top.search" as="topSearch" template="catalogsearch/form.mini.phtml"/>
        </reference>
        <reference name="footer_links">
            <action method="addLink" translate="label title" module="catalogsearch" ifconfig="catalog/seo/search_terms">
                <label>Search Terms</label>
                <url helper="catalogsearch/getSearchTermUrl" />
                <title>Search Terms</title>
            </action>
            <action method="addLink" translate="label title" module="catalogsearch">
                <label>Advanced Search</label>
                <url helper="catalogsearch/getAdvancedSearchUrl" />
                <title>Advanced Search</title>
            </action>
        </reference>

    </default>

customer.xml
  <default>
        <!-- Mage_Customer -->
        <reference name="top.links">
            <action method="addLink" translate="label title" module="customer"><label>My Account</label><url helper="customer/getAccountUrl"/><title>My Account</title><prepare/><urlParams/><position>10</position></action>
        </reference>

    </default>

checkout.xml
 <default>

        <!-- Mage_Checkout -->
        <reference name="top.links">
            <block type="checkout/links" name="checkout_cart_link">
                <action method="addCartLink"></action>
                <action method="addCheckoutLink"></action>
            </block>
        </reference>
        <reference name="right">
            <block type="checkout/cart_sidebar" name="cart_sidebar" template="checkout/cart/sidebar.phtml" before="-">
                <action method="addItemRender"><type>simple</type><block>checkout/cart_item_renderer</block><template>checkout/cart/sidebar/default.phtml</template></action>
                <action method="addItemRender"><type>grouped</type><block>checkout/cart_item_renderer_grouped</block><template>checkout/cart/sidebar/default.phtml</template></action>
                <action method="addItemRender"><type>configurable</type><block>checkout/cart_item_renderer_configurable</block><template>checkout/cart/sidebar/default.phtml</template></action>
                <block type="core/text_list" name="cart_sidebar.extra_actions" as="extra_actions" translate="label" module="checkout">
                    <label>Shopping Cart Sidebar Extra Actions</label>
                </block>
            </block>
        </reference>

    </default>

contacts.xml
 <default>
        <reference name="footer_links">
            <action method="addLink" translate="label title" module="contacts" ifconfig="contacts/contacts/enabled"><label>Contact Us</label><url>contacts</url><title>Contact Us</title><prepare>true</prepare></action>
        </reference>
    </default>

newsletter.xml    <default>

        <!-- Mage_Newsletter -->
        <reference name="left">
            <block type="newsletter/subscribe" name="left.newsletter" template="newsletter/subscribe.phtml"/>
        </reference>


    </default>

rss.xml
    <default>
        <reference name="footer_links">
            <action method="addLink" translate="label title" module="rss" ifconfig="rss/config/active"><label>RSS</label><url>rss</url><title>RSS</title><prepare>true</prepare><urlParams/><position/><li/><a>class="link-rss"</a></action>
        </reference>
        <block type="rss/list" name="head_rss" ifconfig="rss/config/active" />

    </default>

wishlist.xml
    <default>
        <reference name="top.links">
            <block type="wishlist/links" name="wishlist_link" />
            <action method="addLinkBlock"><blockName>wishlist_link</blockName></action>
        </reference>

        <!-- Mage_Wishlist -->
        <reference name="right">
            <block type="wishlist/customer_sidebar" name="wishlist_sidebar" as="wishlist" after="cart_sidebar" template="wishlist/sidebar.phtml" />
        </reference>

    </default>

tag.xml
    <default>
        <!-- Mage_Tag -->
        <reference name="left">
            <block type="tag/popular" name="tags_popular" template="tag/popular.phtml"/>
        </reference>


    </default>

reports.xml
    <default>
        <!-- Mage_Reports -->
        <reference name="right">
            <block type="reports/product_viewed" before="right.permanent.callout" name="right.reports.product.viewed" template="reports/product_viewed.phtml" />
            <block type="reports/product_compared" before="right.permanent.callout" name="right.reports.product.compared" template="reports/product_compared.phtml" />
        </reference>

    </default>

poll.xml
    <default>

        <!-- Mage_Poll -->
        <reference name="right">
            <block type="poll/activePoll" name="right.poll">
                <action method="setPollTemplate"><template>poll/active.phtml</template><type>poll</type></action>
                <action method="setPollTemplate"><template>poll/result.phtml</template><type>results</type></action>
            </block>
        </reference>


    </default>

directory.xml    <default>
        <reference name="head">
            <block type="core/template" name="optional_zip_countries" as="optional_zip_countries" template="directory/js/optional_zip_countries.phtml" />
        </reference>
    </default>

googleanalytics.xml    <default>
        <!-- Mage_GoogleAnalytics -->
        <reference name="after_body_start">
            <block type="googleanalytics/ga" name="google_analytics" as="google_analytics" template="googleanalytics/ga.phtml" />
        </reference>

    </default>
còn tiếp ...

Code - Các hàm lấy đường dẫn URL trong Magento trong file template .phtml

A. Các hàm get Url magento sử dụng trong file template .phtml

1. Get Base Url magento:
Mage::getBaseUrl();

2. Get Magento Skin Url magento:
Mage::getBaseUrl(Mage_Core_Model_Store::URL_TYPE_SKIN);

3. Get Media Url magento:
Mage::getBaseUrl(Mage_Core_Model_Store::URL_TYPE_MEDIA);

4. Get Js Url magento:
Mage::getBaseUrl(Mage_Core_Model_Store::URL_TYPE_JS);

5. Get Store Url magento:
Mage::getBaseUrl(Mage_Core_Model_Store::URL_TYPE_WEB);

6. Get Current Url magento:
Mage::helper('core/url')->getCurrentUrl();

7. Get Home Url magento :
Mage::helper('core/url')->getHomeUrl();

B. Các hàm Get Url magento trong CMS Pages hoặc Static Block:

1. Get Base Url magento :
{{store url=""}}

2. Get Skin Url magento:
{{skin url='images/imagename.jpg'}}

3. Get Media Url magento :
{{media url='/imagename.jpg'}}

4. Get Store Url magento :
{{store url='mypage.html'}}

Layout - Phân biệt giữa name và as của Block trong Layout .xml

Ví dụ code gọi một Block trong Layout .xml như sau:

<block type="page/switch" name="store_switcher_stop" as="store_switcher_top" template="page/switch/stores-top.phtml"/>

Sự khác nhau giữa name và as là gì ?
name:
as:

Layout - Tìm hiểu về thiết kế layout trong Magento

- Layout trong magento được định nghĩa trong các file .xml chứa trong thư mục /frontend/.../layout/

- Layout trong Magento là sự kết hợp của default layout và layout updates.

- Mỗi module trong Magento cũng có 1 file layout.xml riêng, bên trong mỗi file này chứa các thẻ handle khác nhau, trong đó có handle <default> sẽ luôn được load.